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Authors
Hertanti, Nuzul Sri https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8004-4307
Nguyen, Nga Thi Thuy https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0910-5004
Chi, Do Thi Kim https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0727-2751
Chuang, Yeu-Hui https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2559-7184
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Article History
Received: 12 December 2025
Accepted: 14 May 2026
First Online: 18 May 2026
Declarations
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: This study was approved by two ethics committees: the Medical and Health Research Ethics Committee (MHREC) of the Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada–Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Indonesia (ref. no. KE/FK/0455/EC/2024, March 25, 2024), and the Taipei Medical University Joint Institutional Review Board (TMU-JIRB), Taiwan (no. N202405011, May 4, 2024). Participation was voluntary, and electronic informed consent was obtained from all respondents before completing the online questionnaire.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
