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Authors
Najdi, B. https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8328-6780
Al-Jawabreh, A. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5929-8743
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Article History
Received: 17 February 2026
Accepted: 19 May 2026
First Online: 23 May 2026
Declarations
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: Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Board (IRB) at the Faculty of Graduate Studies, Arab American University–Palestine (Approval No. R-2025/A/97/N), prior to initiating any data collection procedures.The study adhered to the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki, which emphasize respect for individuals, beneficence, and the protection of participants’ rights and well-being [33]. Informed consent was obtained from all participants.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
