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Peer instruction in preclinical osteopathic microbiology education: a single-group pre–post quasi-experimental study of short-term performance outcomes and student perceptions

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-026-09515-x

Published Online: 2026-05-26

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Nepal, Hari Prasad

Bramblett, Debra E.

Benson, Marc
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2026-05-26

Version of Record valid from 2026-07-21
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Article History

Received: 25 February 2026

Accepted: 20 May 2026

First Online: 26 May 2026

Declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate: Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Burrell College of Osteopathic Medicine (IRB 0162_2025). All participants were informed about the study objectives and procedures and provided their informed consent before participating. Participation in this study was voluntary, and all data were anonymized prior to analysis. This study was conducted in compliance with the ethical guidelines of the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and later amendments.

Consent for publication: Not applicable. No participant’s data in any form (including individual details, images, or videos) are included in this manuscript.

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

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