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Authors
Lee, Yen-Ting
Chang, Yu-Chen
Ma, Hsiao-Chi
Huang, Wei-Hsin
Lin, Chi-Wei
Hwang, Lee-Ching
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Higher Education Sprout Project of Taiwan's Ministry of Education
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Article History
Received: 4 March 2026
Accepted: 28 May 2026
First Online: 1 June 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This research was approved by the Institutional Review Board of MacKay Memorial Hospital (IRB No. 23MMHIS404e) and conducted in accordance with the guidelines of the Helsinki Declaration. Participants provided written informed consent.
Consent for publication: Not Applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
