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Authors
Bo, Yu
Huiru, Zou
Mohan, Li
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Tianjin Key Medical Discipline(Specialty) Construction Project (2022YTZX06)
Tianjin Key Medical Discipline(Specialty) Construction Project (2022YTZX06)
Tianjin Key Medical Discipline(Specialty) Construction Project (2022YTZX06)
the Science and Technology Program of Tianjin (24KPHDRC00450,22JCYBJC01240)
he Medical Education Research Project of Medical Education Branch of Chinese Medical Association (2023B174)
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Article History
Received: 11 December 2025
Accepted: 28 May 2026
First Online: 3 June 2026
Declarations
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: This study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nankai University (Approval ID: PH2022-B-011) in accordance with Ethical Review Measures for Biomedical Research Involving Human Subjects issued by the Ministry of Health of China and the Declaration of Helsinki. All participants provided informed consent prior to their involvement in the study.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
