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Authors
Liu, Ya Jie
Ma, Hui Zi
Luo, Hai Yun
Xiong, Yun Xia
Qu, Fan Wei
Xie, Jian Ping
Guo, Ying
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Kunming Medical University Education and Teaching Research Project
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Article History
Received: 11 April 2026
Accepted: 29 May 2026
First Online: 1 June 2026
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Kunming Medical University (Approval No.: KMMU2023MEC016 KMMU2025MEC338) and adopted a prospective quasi-experimental research design. All students participating in the questionnaire survey provided informed consent prior to their involvement, clearly understanding the research purpose, data usage methods, and confidentiality principles. Throughout the research process, all personal information was anonymized to ensure data de-identification; published results will not contain any information that could identify participants. Course experience data were collected via anonymous electronic questionnaires. This study strictly adhered to the ethical principles for research involving human subjects established by the Declaration of Helsinki and its subsequent amendments.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
