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Article History

Received: 22 March 2026

Accepted: 11 June 2026

First Online: 17 June 2026

Declarations

:

: All participants provided informed anonymous electronic consent prior to participation. The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki (2013 revision). Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the Dean of Scientific Affairs, Arab International University (approval number: 17/3-2026). Participation was voluntary, and no personally identifiable information was collected or retained during data collection or analysis.

: Not applicable. The manuscript does not contain any individual person’s data, images, videos, or other identifiable personal information requiring consent for publication.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: During the preparation of this manuscript, the authors used ChatGPT-4 Open AI/ 2026 to assist with language refinement, manuscript clarity, and formatting support. All generated content was critically reviewed, revised, and verified by the authors, who take full responsibility for the accuracy, integrity, and final content of the publication.