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Authors
Zhang, Cong
Ghiasi, Mohammad Rasool
Cheng, Jinhuan
Cui, Haocheng
Li, Guanghao
Sha, Qinquan
Chen, Dongshan
Zhang, Xiang
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Research Project on Undergraduate Education Reform at Shandong University (2024Y047)
Research Project on Undergraduate Education Reform at Shandong University (2024Y022)
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Article History
Received: 23 April 2026
Accepted: 17 June 2026
First Online: 1 July 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: All methods were used in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent was obtained from all subjects. The study protocol was approved by the ethics committee of Qilu Hospital, Shandong University (KYLL202604091). Informed consent was obtained from all subjects.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
