Document is current
Any future updates will be listed below
-
Authors
Johnsen, David C.
Garaicoa-Pazmino, Carlos
Jain, Aditi
Marchini, Leonardo
Vo, Kim
Miller, Sara
Rossi, Jack
Shi, Wei
Smith, Derek
- License Information
-
More Information
Article History
Received: 13 March 2026
Accepted: 23 June 2026
First Online: 1 July 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: The present study met the definition of human subjects research; thus, it was approved by the University of Iowa Institutional Review Board (IRB) (IRB #202508026). Since a written consent form is not required per federal regulations due to the nature of the study, an IRB-approved information sheet was electronically provided to potential subjects. By completing the survey questions, this indicated consent. The present survey was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and fully adhered to the Checklist for Reporting of Survey Studies (CROSS) guidelines (Appendix A in Supplementary Material).
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
