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Authors
Dababseh, Bessan Hamed https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2936-5073
Suboh, Mahdi W. https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3276-7297
Ismail, Israa I. https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6693-7691
Ikhlayel, Ayman G. https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2734-2593
Dabbas, Osaid https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5938-9574
Khdeir, Diar N. Abu https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7378-6389
Dababseh, Abdallah https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2703-3809
Atatre, Mones H. https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4234-2382
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Article History
Received: 21 September 2025
Accepted: 30 June 2026
First Online: 4 July 2026
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Board (IRB) at Palestine Polytechnic University in Palestine (Ref No: EA/2025/74). All participants provided informed consent electronically prior to participating in the study.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Not applicable.
