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Authors
Carrard, Valerie
Bourquin, Céline
Félix, Sylvie
Viret, Francine
Takeuchi, Yusuke L.
Berney, Alexandre
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
University of Lausanne
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Article History
Received: 10 April 2026
Accepted: 10 July 2026
First Online: 17 July 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: The whole ETMED-L project, including the use of simulated-patient and expert evaluations, was reviewed and approved by the Cantonal Research Ethics Committee – Vaud (Commission cantonale d’éthique de la recherche sur l’être humain – Vaud [CER-VD]) an independent public ethics committee operating at the cantonal level in Switzerland (project number 2020–02474 approved on January 20, 2021). The study was conducted in accordance with the Swiss legal requirements [21, 22], the current version of the World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki [22], and the principles and procedures for integrity in scientific research involving human beings. The privacy rights of human subjects have been observed, and all participants provided written informed consent.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
