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Article History

Received: 10 December 2025

Accepted: 17 July 2026

First Online: 24 July 2026

Declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study is derived from a research project entitled “Comparison of the Effectiveness of Blended Learning (Virtual Flipped Classroom and Demonstration Method) with Traditional Learning (Lecture) in the Practical Immunohematology Course over a Five-Year Period,” which has been approved by the Ethics Committee in Biomedical Research of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences with the ethics code IR.UMSHA.REC.1404.650. Informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to data collection. Participant anonymity and data confidentiality were strictly maintained throughout the study. This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. All participating were free to withdraw from the study at any time if they wished.

Consent for publication: Not applicable.

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.