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Authors
Hoja, Ibrahim https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3592-0564
Mistareehi, Anas J.
Mahmoud, Wafaa
Abumadi, Dana
Isied, Mohammad
Ghozlan, Heba
Mustafa, Ayman
Allouh, Mohammed Z.
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Article History
Received: 9 June 2026
Accepted: 30 July 2026
First Online: 3 August 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Board (IRB) at Jordan University of Science and Technology (Ref. No. Dec2025/188 − 21). The study was registered under an institutional non-funded research project Grant No. 20250574, Deanship of research, Jordan University of Science and Technology. Participation was voluntary. An informed consent statement was included at the beginning of the questionnaire, explaining the study’s purpose, confidentiality, and the right to withdraw. This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
