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How reliable are large language models in pediatric dentistry? Performance of seven artificial intelligence models on dental specialty examination questions (2012–2024)

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-026-10190-1

Published Online: 2026-08-18

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Gümüş, Hüsniye https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4064-337X
Öztürk, Gülce https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5838-5025
Bahadır Sezer, Aybüke https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2937-4562
License Information

Text and Data Mining valid from 2026-08-18

Accepted Manuscript valid from 2026-08-18
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Article History

Received: 7 February 2026

Accepted: 13 August 2026

First Online: 18 August 2026

Declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study did not involve human participants or personal data and was conducted in accordance with relevant institutional and national research guidelines and regulations.

Consent for publication: Not applicable.

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

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