Huang, Zhenxing
Yao, Huihui
Chen, Huilun
Zhang, Zhengzhou
Lin, Dongjie
Article History
Received: 20 January 2026
Accepted: 19 August 2026
First Online: 1 September 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study is a secondary analysis of existing anonymized data. The study protocol has been reviewed by Wenzhou Seventh People’s Hospital and granted an exemption because it does not involve new subject exposure or the use of identifiable information (approval number: EC-20260129). The original data used derived from , a published multinational study, whose initial collection has been approved by the local institutional ethics committee (approval number: CEImLAR-PI-440 and 03-CIEI-UNA-PUNO). All processes for this study follow the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.