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Authors
Zhu, Shuling
Liu, Lu
Zhang, Qian
Wang, Heng
Bao, Yaxin
Bi, Xuanyu
Lu, Yonglin
Zhang, Xueyan
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Undergraduate Education Reform Project of Shandong Province (Z2024222)
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Article History
Received: 27 January 2026
Accepted: 24 August 2026
First Online: 29 August 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was approved by the institutional ethics committee of Shandong Medical and Pharmaceutical University. All participants provided written informed consent prior to participation. The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
