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Article History

Received: 31 May 2026

Accepted: 17 September 2026

First Online: 21 September 2026

Declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate: The study was approved by the Institutional Review Committee at Nepalese Army Institute of Health Sciences (IRC-NAIHS Registration number 1452), December 19th, 2025 and conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. All participants provided informed consent electronically after reviewing an information sheet outlining the study’s purpose, procedures, voluntary nature, and confidentiality safeguards. Participation was voluntary and uncompensated with respondents free to exit at any time. Duplicate submissions were prevented through email verification, and no personally identifying information was collected, responses were anonymized at collection and accessible to the investigators via a password protected platform.

Consent for publication: Not applicable, as the study involved anonymous survey responses without identifiable participant data. All participants provided informed consent to participate in the study, but no individual data requiring publication consent were collected.

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.