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Authors
Muhammad, Usman Bala https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2811-4065
Temeoweimiene, Gbolodi
Tarfa, Paul Tanko
Odegbemi, Odekunle Bola
Ochagu, Ogbeche Richard
Salihu, Momoh Jimoh
Zipele, Ebiobowei Abraham
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Article History
Received: 13 August 2026
Accepted: 23 September 2026
First Online: 26 September 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Research Ethics Review Board of the Nigerian Navy College of Health Sciences, Offa, Kwara State, Nigeria (Approval Number: RERB/NNCHS/OFFA/77/2026 BR ). The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to data collection. Participation was voluntary, and respondents were informed of their right to withdraw from the study at any stage without penalty.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
