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Article History

Received: 25 April 2024

Accepted: 7 May 2025

First Online: 16 May 2025

Declarations

:

: The National Commission for Science, Technology and Innovation (NACOSTI), a Kenyan government research regulatory body provided additional approval for the study. Participants under the age of 18 were required to provide assent, as well as caregiver consent. Participants unable to provide written informed consent, or in the case of those under 18 years of age, the inability to provide assent themselves and caregiver consent, were excluded from the study. A detailed, standardized informed consent and assent form written in either Swahili or English was read aloud to participants with adequate time for questions and clarification. Written consent and assent were obtained by trained, bilingual research assistants with experience in recruiting youth for research. This study was approved by the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Institutional Review Board in New York, NY, USA (study number 20–01177), and the Moi University/Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital's Institutional Research and Ethics Committee in Eldoret, Kenya (approval number 0003689).

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.