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Authors
Grech, Adrienne https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3937-0426
Naamanka, Kati https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6874-5592
Mattsson, Janet https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4091-3432
Pakpour, Amir
Kivelä, Suvi
Cassar, Maria https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1716-3207
Manninen, Katri https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9126-9149
Circenis, Kristaps https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3579-4272
Melbārde-Kelmere, Agita https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6519-0958
Korsström, Nina
Marqués-Sule, Elena https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8554-5402
Cortés-Amador, Sara https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6294-6131
Hernández-Guillén, David
Poikkeus, Tarja
Björling, Gunilla https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1445-900X
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Karolinska Institute
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Article History
Received: 15 June 2025
Accepted: 12 August 2025
First Online: 8 September 2025
Declarations
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: The respective University Ethics Committees approved the present stud:1. Research Ethics Committee of Turku University of Applied Sciences (1/2023)2. Riga Stradins University Research Ethics Committee (2-PEK-4/507/2023)3. University of Malta, Faculty of Health Sciences Research Ethics Committee (FHS-2023-00077).4. Ethical committee approval was not required in Sweden according to national ethical guidelines based on the Swedish law (SFS: 2003:460) []. Accordingly, approval to conduct the survey was gained by the head of the clinics involved for data collection. The study followed the Declaration of Helsinki and the Swedish national ethical law on health research.5. Informed consent was obtained from individual participants through completion of the anonymous, voluntary online questionnaire. Participants could withdraw their participation if they do not submit the survey.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests. During the preparation of this work the authors used ChatGPT 4o (Open AI, ) in order to check the grammar and spelling, and improve the clarity of some sentences. After using this tool, the authors reviewed and edited the content as needed and take full responsibility for the content of the published article.
