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Article History

Received: 21 June 2024

Accepted: 23 September 2025

First Online: 21 October 2025

Declarations

:

: Before conducting the study, ethical approval was obtained from the Research Ethics Committee at the Islamic University of Gaza (No. IUG/62). In addition, ethics approval was obtained from the Health Research Department of the Ministry of Health (No. 1249632). The researchers initially gave the participants a full explanation of the purposes of the study. Samples who agreed to participate in the study signed the written informed consent, confirming their understanding and willingness to participate. Participation in the study was entirely voluntary. Participants were informed that they could withdraw at any point during the research process without facing any penalties. To protect participants’ privacy, all responses were collected anonymously, meaning no identifying information was requested or recorded. This anonymity ensures that individual responses cannot be traced back to any participant.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.