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Authors
Simbaña-Rivera, Katherine
Jaramillo-Aguilar, Damary S.
Arteaga, Víctor Hugo Almeida
Estupiñán, José Ruales
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Article History
Received: 20 February 2025
Accepted: 19 November 2025
First Online: 26 November 2025
Declarations
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: In accordance with local and international regulations, this study did not require ethical approval. All data were obtained from secondary, anonymized records managed by the National Directorate of Health Research at the Ministry of Public Health of Ecuador.
: In 2021 and 2022. KSR and VHAA were members of the National Direction of Health Research in the Ministry of Public Health of Ecuador, while JRE served as Minister of Public Health. DSJA declares no conflicts of interest.
