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Article History

Received: 5 September 2025

Accepted: 15 December 2025

First Online: 9 January 2026

Declarations

:

: Study component 1 included the complete hospital patient population. The study was approved by the IRB of the Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital on October 3rd, 2019 (IRBd19-242) as evaluation of the new consent procedure. To achieve this, all patients were included, irrespective of their consent decision (consent was waived). All data were issued pseudonymized, and no directly identifiable information was used. For study component 2, only aggregated percentages per week were extracted by the Data desk, therefore, no consent was required. Study components 3 and 4 were also reviewed and approved by the IRB (references IRBd18076 and IRBd21-011). Audio recordings of interviews were made with prior verbal consent from participants. All but five interviewees (three in the main study, two in the add-on study) consented to recording. Those who declined allowed detailed note-taking instead in order to analyze their answers, and we did not quote these participants. Research data were stored in a pseudonymized way, and communication data (name and telephone numbers) were stored separately and removed when no longer necessary. Data were processed in accordance with privacy regulations (COREON, 2022; Dutch Implementation Act GDPR, 2018; General Data Protection Regulation, 2016; Medical Treatment Contracts Act, 1994). Clinical trial number: not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.