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Authors
Bogdadi, Roaa S.
Qushmaq, Dr. Nahid A.
Al Hasheem, Eng. Rahaf
De Guzman, Dr. Marivel M.
Baeshen, Wijdan A.
Aljeaid, Sara M.
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Article History
Received: 20 October 2025
Accepted: 7 January 2026
First Online: 17 January 2026
Declarations
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: This study was reviewed and approved by the Ministry of Health (MOH) Research Ethics Committee, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (Approval No. A02221; Approval Date: 29 May 2025). The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. Participation was voluntary, informed consent was obtained electronically, and all responses were anonymized to ensure confidentiality and data protection.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The authors declare that there are no potential conflicts of interest relevant to this study.
