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Article History

Received: 23 April 2025

Accepted: 2 February 2026

First Online: 9 February 2026

Declarations

:

: This study was conducted in strict adherence to internationally recognized ethical standards, including the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. To ensure the protection of participants’ rights, dignity, and welfare, rigorous protocols were implemented to maintain anonymity, safeguard confidentiality, and prioritize voluntary participation. Formal approval for the research was granted by the Biomedical Research Ethics Committee (BMREC) at Damascus University (ID: MD-011024-314). Prior to enrollment, all participants provided written informed consent following a comprehensive explanation of the study’s objectives, procedures, potential risks, and benefits. Emphasis was placed on transparency, with explicit assurances that participants retained the right to withdraw from the study at any time without penalty or consequence.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.