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Article History

Received: 5 April 2025

Accepted: 3 February 2026

First Online: 13 February 2026

Declarations

:

: Ethics approval was obtained from the research ethics committee of the school of health management of Keio University in 2021. This research was conducted in accordance with the Japanese government’s research ethics standard in reference to the global standard, e.g., the Declaration of Helsinki. Informed consent to participate was obtained prior to the survey administration.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.