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Authors
Pathak, Janak L.
Zhang, Kaiyue
Jiang, Hao
Zhang, Yuxin
Zhang, Wanying
Wang, Haiyan
Mo, Yongxin
Liu, Fengping
Tian, Zhijun
Wu, Lihong
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Undergraduate Student Innovation Ability Promotion Project of Guangzhou Medical University (2022-3-2-2)
The 2025 Guangdong Provincial Undergraduate Teaching Quality and Teaching Reform Project (942 and 253)
The 2025 Guangzhou Higher Education Teaching Reform Project (2025XGYS007)
The 2025 Guangdong Provincial Clinical Teaching Base Undergraduate Teaching Reform Research Project (2025JD112)
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Article History
Received: 12 January 2026
Accepted: 16 February 2026
First Online: 6 March 2026
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in accordance with the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. The study obtained informed consent from all study participants. The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University Ethics Committee approved this study (GCXYJ2025021402).
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
