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Authors
Griffee, Kevin
Nyandiko, Winstone
Sawarkar, Sakshi
Chory, Ashley
Aluoch, Josephine
Gillette, Emma
Scanlon, Michael
Koros, Hillary
Lagat, Daniel
Choudhury, Nandini
Munyoro, Dennis
Ashimosi, Celestine
Biegon, Whitney
Lidweye, Janet
Nyagaya, Jack
DeLong, Allison
Naanyu, Violet
Vreeman, Rachel
Kantor, Rami
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Institutes for Health (3R01AI147333-02S1)
National Institutes for Health (3R01AI147333-02S1)
National Institutes of Health (K24AI134359)
National Institutes of Health (K24AI134359)
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Article History
Received: 29 July 2025
Accepted: 20 February 2026
First Online: 26 February 2026
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Lifespan IRB in Providence, RI, USA (Package number: 1452141), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai IRB in New York, NY, USA (study number: 20-01177), and the Moi University/Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital’s Institutional Research and Ethics Committee (IREC) in Eldoret, Kenya (approval number: 0003689). Additional approval was received from the National Commission for Science, Technology and Innovation (NACOSTI), a Kenyan government research regulatory body (reference number: NACOSTI/HW/3/1/16). Clinical trial number: not applicable. This study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
