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Article History

Received: 29 October 2025

Accepted: 6 March 2026

First Online: 17 March 2026

Declarations

:

: The study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Ghana College of Nurses and Midwives Academic Board and the Institutional Review Board of the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST IRB) (Approval Number: CHRPE/AP/210/25). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants after providing detailed explanations of the study’s purpose, voluntary participation, and right to withdraw at any point without penalty. Confidentiality and anonymity were maintained through coded identifiers and password-protected data accessible only to the research team. Given the sensitive nature of end-of-life communication, emotional support mechanisms were made available, allowing participants to pause or terminate the interview at any time. Referrals to counselling services were offered when necessary.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.