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Article History

Received: 11 March 2026

Accepted: 20 May 2026

First Online: 29 May 2026

Declarations

:

: The study protocol was reviewed by ethics committees in France (Research Ethics Committee of the French Society of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care / Comité Éthique pour la Recherche en Anesthésie-Réanimation – CERAR, Société Française d’Anesthésie-Réanimation – SFAR) and in the United States (Mass General Brigham Institutional Review Board). In both cases, the committees determined that the study did not require formal ethics approval (SFAR IRB: Institutional Review Board – IRB 00010254–2022-005; Mass General Brigham IRB: ID# 1404). This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Participation in the interviews was voluntary. Written informed consent was not required according to these determinations. Nevertheless, all participants received information about the objectives of the study and provided oral informed consent prior to participation, including permission for anonymized quotes to be published.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.