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Article History

Received: 13 January 2026

Accepted: 3 June 2026

First Online: 1 July 2026

Declarations

:

: This study was approved by the Clinical Research Sub-Ethics-Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China (Institutional Review Board) (Approval No. 2025LL1110001).

: Written informed consent for the publication of de-identified clinical details and decision-making processes (Case 1 and Case 2, Sect. “ Illustrative clinical cases” and Appendices 1–2) was obtained from the patients and their participating family members. A copy of the signed informed consent form is included as a supplementary file (Informed Consent Form) and is also available from the corresponding author upon request. No identifiable personal information or images are included in this manuscript.

: The authors declare no competing interests.