Document is current

Article History

Received: 3 April 2026

Accepted: 24 June 2026

First Online: 17 July 2026

Declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate: The internal development of the framework through workshops, online meetings, and iterative drafting within COST Action CA21137 (Ethics in Dementia, EDEM) constituted a scholarly framework-development process among members of the Action and did not involve the collection of research data from participants outside that network. The external pilot validation phase, by contrast, involved the collection of sociodemographic data and expert feedback from external participants. Formal ethics approval for this phase was obtained from the Research Ethics Committee of the University of Évora, Portugal (24 October 2025). All participants in the pilot external validation phase received study information and provided informed consent before completing the questionnaire. Responses were pseudo-anonymised, handled confidentially, and analysed in accordance with the European General Data Protection Regulation and the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.

Consent for publication: Not applicable.

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.