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Authors
Modlin, Chelsea
Nankya, Harriet
Closser, Svea
Kennedy, Caitlin
Chang, Larry
Ali, Joseph
Sewankambo, Nelson K.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Fogarty International Center (K01TW012694)
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Article History
Received: 4 May 2026
Accepted: 18 August 2026
First Online: 10 September 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: All research conducted was in accordance with guidance and regulations outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. Informed consent to participate was obtained from all participants. Ethical approval was obtained from the Makerere University School of Medicine Research Ethics Committee (2024–946), the Uganda National Council of Science and Technology (SS3357ES), and the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Institutional Review Board (IRB00418168).
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
