Document is current

Article History

Received: 26 December 2017

Accepted: 30 October 2018

First Online: 12 November 2018

Ethics approval and consent to participate

: The research protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the College of Health Sciences at Addis Ababa University (Protocol number 040/12/SPH). Verbal consent was obtained from participants (clients of Antenatal, Delivery or Postnatal Care) after information about the study was given as required by the local IRB. Participants were informed that their participation is voluntary, their information will remain anonymous and that they are free to withdraw from the study at any point in time. The IRB approved verbal consent procedures (without a need for written consent) as it is customary for simple questionnaire surveys without any invasive procedures in an environment where literacy is relatively low. Like other surveys, women 15–17 were considered as emancipatory minors capable of giving consent to the study as per the national Research Ethics Review Guideline – available at .

: Respondents gave verbal informed consent after they were informed about the purpose of the study.

: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

: Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.