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Article History

Received: 30 November 2018

Accepted: 27 March 2019

First Online: 18 April 2019

Ethics approval and consent to participate

: The protocol for this research was approved by the Independent Scientific Advisory Committee (ISAC) for MHRA Database Research (protocol number 16_152Mn) prior to receipt of data. Generic ethical approval for observational research using the CPRD with approval from ISAC has been granted by a Health Research Authority (HRA) Research Ethics Committee (East Midlands – Derby, REC reference number 05/MRE04/87).

: Not applicable.

: MP has nothing to disclose.JKQ reports grants from MRC, grants and personal fees from GSK, grants from Wellcome Trust, grants from The Health Foundation, grants from British Lung Foundation, grants and personal fees from Chiesi, grants and personal fees from BI, grants and personal fees from AZ, outside the submitted work.FN reports grants from GSK, outside the submitted work.HH has nothing to disclose.LM reports grants from Wellcome, grants from MRC, grants from NIHR, grants from GSK, grants from BHF, grants from Diabetes UK, outside the submitted work and is a Trustee of the British Heart Foundation.SD has nothing to disclose.The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

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