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Article History

Received: 7 May 2024

Accepted: 16 September 2024

First Online: 27 September 2024

Declarations

:

: In this self-directed research, carried out independently without oversight from an Institutional Review Board (IRB), ethical considerations were given utmost priority. The authors ensured that participants received comprehensive information about the research objectives, procedures, and potential implications, stressing the importance of voluntary participation and confidentiality. Although there was no formal ethical review board involved, the research adhered to fundamental ethical principles, including respect for autonomy and confidentiality. For questions regarding the study’s ethical aspects, please contact the authors at aahjohani@taibahu.edu.sa. The authors committed to maintaining transparency and accountability throughout the research, ensuring that all design and data collection processes strictly followed ethical standards to prioritize participants’ well-being and rights. The authors remain dedicated to upholding the integrity of the research process and protecting the welfare of participants.

: Not Applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.