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Authors
Radovich, Emma
Das, Seema
Karki, Sulata
Bottomley, Christian
McCarthy, Ona L.
Shrestha, Abha
Penn-Kekana, Loveday
Shakya, Rajani
Karmacharya, Biraj Man
Shrestha, Abha
Campbell, Oona M. R.
Gon, Giorgia
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Medical Research Council (MR/R022127/1, MR/R022127/1, MR/R022127/1, MR/R022127/1, MR/R022127/1, MR/R022127/1, MR/R022127/1, MR/R022127/1, MR/R022127/1, MR/R022127/1)
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM Doctoral Project Travelling Scholarship - Radovich/1402301)
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Article History
Received: 22 October 2024
Accepted: 13 January 2025
First Online: 18 February 2025
Declarations
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: Ethical approval was obtained from the Nepal Health Research Council (2695), Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences (IRC, KUSMS 25/22) and the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (25094–1). We obtained written informed consent from ANMs participating in the study. When ANMs under observation engaged with patients, the researchers explained the purpose of their presence and sought verbal confirmation of permission from the patient to continue the observation. When patients declined permission, or when the researchers decided additional privacy was prudent (for example, when a patient wished to discuss pregnancy termination), the researcher ended the observation session and resumed observation when the ANM was no longer engaged with that patient.The authors confirm that all methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
