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Authors
Vu, Thien
Dawadi, Research
Yamamoto, Masaki
Tay, Jie Ting
Watanabe, Naoki
Kuriya, Yuki
Oya, Ai
Tran, Phap Ngoc Hoang
Araki, Michihiro
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) COI-NEXT 315 (JPMJPF2018)
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Article History
Received: 9 August 2024
Accepted: 29 January 2025
First Online: 17 February 2025
Declarations
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: Ethics approval for this study was granted by the National Centre for Health Statistics Research Ethics Review Board (Protocol # 2013-14). Since this study involves secondary data analysis, the original informed consent provided during primary data collection included permission for secondary use, eliminating the need for additional participant consent. Participants’ privacy was protected by anonymizing or de-identifying the data to prevent identification. Further details on NHANES ethics approval are available on the CDC’s official website: .
: Not applicable.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
