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Article History

Received: 23 October 2024

Accepted: 1 April 2025

First Online: 18 April 2025

Declarations

:

: This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. The research utilized retrospective data collected from the hospital’s inpatient system, including anonymized electronic medical records from previous years. As the study involved no direct participant involvement and used anonymized data, informed consent was deemed unnecessary. This determination was made in accordance with the national regulations outlined in the Measures for Ethical Review of Biomedical Research Involving Human Beings (2016), which stipulate that informed consent may be waived under certain conditions, such as when the research involves anonymized data and poses no risk to subjects. The study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Tibet Autonomous Region People’s Hospital (Ethical Approval No. ME-TBHP-22-KJ-064). The committee determined that the research content does not constitute harm or risk to subjects and that the confidentiality of the data is maximized to ensure the privacy of the relevant observed persons.

: Not applicable.

: This study adhered to all relevant guidelines and regulations for medical research involving human data, including the protection of privacy and confidentiality of personal information.

: The authors declare no competing interests.