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Article History

Received: 19 January 2023

Accepted: 5 May 2025

First Online: 14 May 2025

Declarations

:

: The present study was approved by the ethics committee of Zhejiang University’s School of Public Health (No. ZGL202112-2) and the Hainan Medical Ethics Committee (No. 00824482406), and conducted following the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki. All methods were performed in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. Data were anonymized at the point of extraction and no participant identifiable data is reported in the analysis. The study was approved by the above-mentioned ethics committee prior to data extraction and waived the need for participant consent because any data were collected and analyzed on a fully anonymized basis. This study obtained permission from the Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital Hainan Hospital to use anonymous data during expert evaluation as informed consent. Zhejiang University and Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital are both participating institutions in the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2020YFC2003403). The evaluators who participated in the system evaluation had information about the study and they gave written consent to participate in expert evaluation as informed consent.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.