Article History
Received: 10 March 2021
Accepted: 25 June 2025
First Online: 6 November 2025
Declarations
:
: Not applicable.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
: This article has been published as part of BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making Volume 22 Supplement 1, 2022: Selected articles from the Third International Workshop on Health Natural Language Processing (HealthNLP 2020). The full contents of the supplement are available online at .