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Authors
Zhang, Xiang
Ma, Hongjie
Lin, Song
Zhao, Ledong
Chen, Lu
Nie, Zetong
Wang, Zhaoxiong
Liu, Chang
Li, Xiaorong
Li, Wenbo https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9948-0288
Hu, Bojie https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7840-8290
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
The Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin City (No. 20JCZXJC00040)
The Science & Technology Development Fund of Tianjin Education Commission for Higher Education (No. 2022ZD058)
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Article History
Received: 26 March 2025
Accepted: 31 July 2025
First Online: 14 August 2025
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital (approval number: 2020KY(L)-11). The research adhered to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Due to the retrospective nature of the study, the requirement for informed consent was waived by the ethics committee.
: Not applicable. This manuscript does not contain personal data, images, or videos from any individual.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
