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Authors
Zhang, Huan
An, Yifei
Song, Min
Meng, Yingtao
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Collaborative Academic Innovation Project of Shandong Cancer Hospital (FC010)
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Article History
Received: 20 May 2025
Accepted: 18 September 2025
First Online: 14 October 2025
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shandong First Medical University approved this retrospective study (Approval No. 2024001039). Given the retrospective nature of the study, the requirement for informed consent was waived by The Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shandong First Medical University based on China’s Ethical Review Measures for Biomedical Research Involving Humans (2016).
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
