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Authors
Geng, Shuang
Wang, Jie
Xia, Yulin
Niu, Ben
Deng, Xiuliang
Wu, Xusheng
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (72471154)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (72334004)
General Project of Ministry of Education Foundation on Humanities and Social Sciences (24YJC630049)
Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (2022A1515012077)
Guangdong Province Innovation Team (2021WCXTD002)
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Article History
Received: 20 December 2023
Accepted: 26 September 2025
First Online: 3 November 2025
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. All adolescent patients and guardians of individuals younger than the age of 16 were informed about the purpose and procedures of the study, and they signed a consent form for joining the study. This study received ethical approval from the Ethics Review Board (IRB) of Shenzhen Kangning Hospital (approval number: IRB2020-k021-02).
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
