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Authors
Gilani, Komal
Wei, Wei
Peters, Christof
Verket, Marlo
Rocca, Hans-Peter Brunner-La
Nicolis, Enrico
Colombo, Martina
Marx-Schütt, Katharina
Urovi, Visara
Dumontier, Michel
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Article History
Received: 11 July 2025
Accepted: 31 October 2025
First Online: 6 December 2025
Declarations
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: This study used only metadata and did not involve the analysis of individual-level human data or biological material; therefore, the Declaration of Helsinki does not apply. Ethical approval for CHECK-HF was granted by the Ethics Committee of Maastricht University Medical Center (the Netherlands); for TIME-CHF, by the Ethics Committee of Northwest and Central Switzerland (EKNZ); for Aachen-HF, by the Ethics Committee of RWTH University Hospital Aachen; and for GISSI-HF, by the respective institutional review board. Informed consent to participate was not applicable to the present analysis.
: Not applicable
: The authors declare no competing interests.
