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Authors
Wardell, Joseph R.
Shaska, Nora
Ahmed, Zara
Gregg, Brigid
Singer, Kanakadurga
Lee, Jung Eun
Hirschfeld, Emily
Garrity, Ashley
Woolford, Susan
Peterson, Karen E.
Bragg-Gresham, Jennifer
Orringer, Kelly
Oshman, Lauren
Gabison, Jonathan
Mohammed, Layla
Yoon, Esther
Bilhartz, Jacob
Burns, Bonnie
Lee, Joyce M.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (P30DK089503)
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Article History
Received: 8 September 2025
Accepted: 17 November 2025
First Online: 13 December 2025
Declarations
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: This study complies with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the University of Michigan Institutional Review Board. The project was granted non-regulated human subjects research status and the need for informed consent was waived by the University of Michigan Institutional Review Board.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Dr. Joyce Lee receives funding from Lilly USA, LLC.
