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Authors
Xing, Tianyou
Duan, Jincai
Xiao, Tianjie
Wang, Zhihui
Zhao, Huigeng
Qin, Wei
Wu, Di
Shi, Changjiang
Du, Yuanliang
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Cultivating Programme Plan for Clinical Excellent Talent of Hebei in 2024 (ZF2024240)
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Article History
Received: 27 August 2025
Accepted: 24 November 2025
First Online: 27 November 2025
Declarations
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: This study was a retrospective cohort study. Before the data were accessed, our protocol received approval from the Chengde Medical College Hospital institutional review board (approval number: CYFYLL2025128). The requirement for informed consent was waived by the Ethics Committee of Chengde Medical College Hospital review board because of the retrospective nature of the study. All procedures performed in this study involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
