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Authors
Oh, Jieun
Lee, Dongheon
Kang, Minwoong
Oh, Chahyun
Park, Seyeon
Park, Jiho
Kim, Kyungsang
Hong, Boohwi
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Article History
Received: 2 August 2025
Accepted: 28 November 2025
First Online: 15 December 2025
Declarations
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: This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and in accordance with the Transparent Reporting of a multivariable prediction model for Individual Prognosis or Diagnosis (TRIPOD) guidelines. The completed TRIPOD checklist is provided in Online Resource . Approval was granted by the Institutional Review Boards of Chungnam National University Hospital (2024.05.07/No. 2024-03-051) and Chungnam National University Sejong Hospital (2024.08.27/No. 2024-07-014001).
: Not applicable.
: The requirement for informed consent was waived by both institutions.
: Not applicable.
: The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.
