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Article History

Received: 16 January 2025

Accepted: 11 November 2025

First Online: 13 December 2025

Declarations

:

: The registry and methods involved in this study have received ethical approval from the Medical Research Ethics Committee of the University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur (MREC ID NO: #733.22). Research carried out complies with the Helsinki Declaration. As anonymised data were used, the need for informed consent was waived. According to National Institutes of Health Guidelines for conducting research in Ministry of Health Institutions and Facilities. The Medical Research Ethics Committee may consider a modification or waiver of informed consent to research if ALL of the following criteria are fulfilled: a. The research would not be feasible or practicable to be conducted without the waiver or modification; b. The research has important social value; c. The research poses no more than minimal risks to the participants; and d. No personal identifying information is collected.The study fulfils all the criteria, as only deidentified data was used during the analysis (NIH Guidelines for Conducting Research in Ministry of Health Institutions & Facilities2021).

: All the authors have given their consent for publication of this manuscript.

: The authors declare no competing interests.