Yue, Congbo
Liu, Shichao
Wang, Wenhua
Zhao, Yu
Zhang, Xiaofeng
Zhao, Guanghui
Funding for this research was provided by:
National High Performance Medical Device Innovation Center Project (No. NMED2025KF-01-005)
Application of Intelligent Mutual Recognition of Inspection Results Project (No. JYHRXZ2025B06)
Article History
Received: 9 September 2025
Accepted: 12 December 2025
First Online: 18 December 2025
Declarations
:
: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Ethics Committee of Peking University People’s Hospital Qingdao Hospital (Approval No.: 2025PHQDB022-01). The need for informed consent was waived by the Ethics Committee of Peking University People’s Hospital Qingdao Hospital because this was a retrospective analysis of anonymized data.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.